Pérez-Cano et al., Cell Immunol 2003
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We examined the effect of spermine ( SPM ) and spermidine (SPD) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) secretion from macrophages in various culture conditions, including several protocols of polyamines addition and media supplemented with 0, 1 or 15 % fetal bovine serum ... TNFalpha secretion was inhibited by SPM or SPD added 18h before stimulation in a concentration dependent manner
Papaneophytou et al., Protein Expr Purif 2013
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The interaction of RANKL with SPD304 , a patented small-molecule inhibitor of TNF-a , was also studied in a fluorescence binding assay resulting in a Kd value of 14.1±0.5µM