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FOS — NPS

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Niimi et al., Endocrine 2006 : Centrally administered NPS increased Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the paraventricular, dorsomedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area ( LHA ) of the hypothalamus, the midline thalamic nuclei, and the amygdala, many parts of which are involved in the regulation of emotion, arousal, and feeding
Lemus et al., Adv Exp Med Biol 2009 : NPS also induced a higher FOS-ir expression in STn neurons when compared to neurons in control rats that only received artificial cerebrospinal fluid ( aCSF ) before CChrc stimulation
Zhao et al., Neuroscience 2012 : Ex-vivo Fos immunohistochemistry in the posterior hypothalamus revealed that, as compared with saline treated rats, NPS enhanced c-Fos expression in histaminergic neurons by 76.0 % in the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus ( TMN ) and 57.8 % in the dorsal TMN, and in orexinergic neurons by 28.2 % in the perifornical nucleus ( PeF ), 24.3 % in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( DMH ), and 13.7 % in the lateral hypothalamic area ( LH ) of the posterior hypothalamus ... The NPS induced c-Fos expression in histaminergic neurons and orexinergic neurons where NPS receptor (NPSR) mRNA is highly expressed, suggests that NPS activates histaminergic and orexinergic neurons to promote W
Shao et al., PloS one 2013 : Ex-vivo c-Fos and NPSR immunohistochemistry in the olfactory cortex revealed that, as compared with vehicle treated mice, NPS markedly enhanced c-Fos expression in the anterior olfactory nucleus ( AON ), piriform cortex (Pir), ventral tenia tecta ( VTT ), the anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus ( ACo ) and lateral entorhinal cortex ( LEnt )