Schema for GeneHancer - GeneHancer Regulatory Elements and Gene Interactions
  Database: hg19    Primary Table: geneHancerClusteredInteractionsDoubleElite Data last updated: 2019-01-15
Big Bed File Download: /gbdb/hg19/geneHancer/geneHancerInteractionsDoubleElite.v2.hg19.bb
Item Count: 72,987
Format description: Interaction between GeneHancer regulatory elements and target genes
fieldexampledescription
chromchr1Chromosome of the interaction
chromStart166807502Start position of lower region
chromEnd166837984End position of upper region
nameDUTP6/GH01J166838Interaction name for display. Includes the GeneHancer identifier and the target gene symbol
score37Score from 0-1000.
value86.97Interaction confidence score ('combined score'), the basis for score
geneAssociationMethodseQTLs,TF_co-expression,DistanceA list of methods with evidence for GeneHancer-gene associations
color217,83,25Interaction color, all interactions of a gene have the same color
geneHancerChromchr1Chromosome of the GeneHancer regulatory element
geneHancerStart166807502Start position of the GeneHancer regulatory element
geneHancerEnd166810823End position of the GeneHancer regulatory element
geneHancerIdentifierGH01J166838GeneHancer element identifier
geneHancerStrand.Not used
geneChromchr1Chromosome of the gene target of the GeneHancer
geneStart166837983Start position of the gene target of the GeneHancer
geneEnd166837984End position of the gene target of the GeneHancer
geneNameDUTP6Gene symbol
geneStrand+Orientation of the gene target of the GeneHancer

Sample Rows
 
chromchromStartchromEndnamescorevaluegeneAssociationMethodscolorgeneHancerChromgeneHancerStartgeneHancerEndgeneHancerIdentifiergeneHancerStrandgeneChromgeneStartgeneEndgeneNamegeneStrand
chr1166807502166837984DUTP6/GH01J1668383786.97eQTLs,TF_co-expression,Distance217,83,25chr1166807502166810823GH01J166838.chr1166837983166837984DUTP6+
chr1166837983166846238DUTP6/GH01J1668741123.36TF_co-expression,Distance217,83,25chr1166843840166846238GH01J166874.chr1166837983166837984DUTP6+
chr1166843840166846238TADA1/GH01J1668745671392.52eQTLs,Distance237,177,32chr1166843840166846238GH01J166874.chr1166845653166845654TADA1-
chr1166845653166871850TADA1/GH01J16690258.47C-HiC,Distance237,177,32chr1166871436166871850GH01J166902.chr1166845653166845654TADA1-
chr1166894260166944719ILDR2/GH01J16692521.78eRNA_co-expression,Distance126,47,142chr1166894260166896264GH01J166925.chr1166944718166944719ILDR2-
chr1166913380166944719ILDR2/GH01J16694433.05eQTLs,Distance126,47,142chr1166913380166914382GH01J166944.chr1166944718166944719ILDR2-
chr1166944236166958345MAEL/GH01J1669755221282.57eQTLs,Distance119,172,48chr1166944236166945438GH01J166975.chr1166958344166958345MAEL+
chr1167028237167059868GPA33/GH01J1670591122.31eQTLs,C-HiC,Distance0,114,189chr1167028237167029110GH01J167059.chr1167059867167059868GPA33-
chr1167035721167059868GPA33/GH01J1670661122.35eQTLs,C-HiC,Distance0,114,189chr1167035721167036437GH01J167066.chr1167059867167059868GPA33-
chr1167058050167060932GPA33/GH01J167088390956.48eQTLs,Distance0,114,189chr1167058050167060932GH01J167088.chr1167059867167059868GPA33-

GeneHancer (geneHancer) Track Description
 

Description

GeneHancer is a database of human regulatory elements (enhancers and promoters) and their inferred target genes, which is embedded in GeneCards, a human gene compendium. The GeneHancer database was created by integrating >1 million regulatory elements from multiple genome-wide databases. Associations between the regulatory elements and target genes were based on multiple sources of linking molecular data, along with distance, as described in Methods below.

The GeneHancer track set contains tracks representing:

  • Regulatory elements (GeneHancers)
  • Gene transcription start sites
  • Interactions (associations) between regulatory elements and genes
  • Clustered interactions, by gene target or GeneHancer
The full set of elements and interactions is included, along with a highly filtered "double elite" subset.

Display Conventions

Each GeneHancer regulatory element is identified by a GeneHancer id. For example: GH0XJ101383 is located on chromosome X, with starting position of 101,383 kb (GRCh38/hg38 reference). Based on the id, one can obtain full GeneHancer information, as displayed in the Genomics section within the gene-centric web pages of GeneCards. Links to the GeneCards information pages are provided on the track details pages.

For the interaction tracks (Clusters and Interactions) a slight offset can be noticed between the line endpoints. This helps to identify the start and end of the feature. In this case, the higher point is the source (enhancers) and the lower point is the target.

Regulatory elements

Colors are used to distinguish promoters and enhancers and to indicate the GeneHancer element confidence score:

Promoters:     High    Medium    Low

Enhancers:     High    Medium    Low

Gene TSS

Colors are used to improve gene and interactions visibility. Successive genes are colored in different colors, and interactions of a gene have the same color.

Interactions

The Interactions view in Full mode shows GeneHancers and target genes connected by curves or half-rectangles (when one of the connected regions is off-screen). Configuration options are available to change the drawing style, and to limit the view to interactions with one or both connected items in the region. Interactions are identified on mouseover or clicked on for details at the end regions, or at the curve peak, which is marked with a gray ring shape. Interactions in the reverse direction (Gene TSS precedes GeneHancer on the genome) are drawn with a dashed line.

Clusters

The Clusters view groups interactions by target gene; the target gene and all GeneHancers associated with it are displayed in a single browser item. The gene TSS and associated GeneHancers are shown as blocks linked together, with the TSS drawn as a "tall" item, and the GeneHancers drawn "short". A user configuration option is provided to change the view to group by GeneHancer (with tall GeneHancer and short TSS's). Clusters composed of interactions with a single gene are colored to correspond to the gene, and those composed of interactions with multiple genes are colored dark gray.

Methods

GeneHancer identifications were created from >1 million regulatory elements obtained from seven genome-wide databases:

  1. ENCODE project Z-Lab Enhancer-like regions (version v3)
  2. Ensembl regulatory build (version 92)
  3. FANTOM5 atlas of active enhancers
  4. VISTA Enhancer Browser
  5. dbSUPER super-enhancers
  6. EPDnew promoters
  7. UCNEbase ultra-conserved noncoding elements

Employing an integration algorithm that removes redundancy, the GeneHancer pipeline identified ˜250k integrated candidate regulatory elements (GeneHancers). Each GeneHancer is assigned an annotation-derived confidence score. The GeneHancers that are derived from more than one information source are defined as "elite" GeneHancers.

Gene-GeneHancer associations, and their likelihood-based scores, were generated using information that helps link regulatory elements to genes:

  1. eQTLs (expression quantitative trait loci) from GTEx (version v6p)
  2. Capture Hi-C promoter-enhancer long range interactions
  3. FANTOM5 eRNA-gene expression correlations
  4. Cross-tissue expression correlations between a transcription factor interacting with a GeneHancer and a candidate target gene
  5. Distance-based associations, including several approaches:
    1. Nearest neighbors, where each GeneHancer is associated with its two proximal genes
    2. Overlaps with the gene territory (intragenic)
    3. Proximity to the gene TSS (<2kb)

Associations that are derived from more than one information source are defined as "elite" associations, which leads to the definition of the "double elite" dataset - elite gene associations of elite GeneHancers.

More details are provided at the GeneCards information page. For a full description of the methods used, refer to the GeneHancer manuscript1.

Source data for the GeneHancer version 4.8 was downloaded during May 2018.

Data Access

Due to our agreement with the Weizmann Institute, we cannot allow full genome queries from the Table Browser or share download files. You can still access data for individual chromosomes or positional data from the Table Browser.

GeneHancer is the property of the Weizmann Institute of Science and is not available for download or mirroring by any third party without permission. Please contact the Weizmann Institute directly for data inquiries.

Credits

Thanks to Simon Fishilevich, Marilyn Safran, Naomi Rosen, and Tsippi Iny Stein of the GeneCards group and Shifra Ben-Dor of the Bioinformatics Core group at the Weizmann Institute, for providing this data and documentation, creating track hub versions of these tracks as prototypes, and overall responsiveness during development of these tracks.

Contact: simon. fishilevich@weizmann. ac. il

Supported in part by a grant from LifeMap Sciences Inc.

References

Fishilevich S., Nudel R., Rappaport N., Hadar R., Plaschkes I., Iny Stein T., Rosen N., Kohn A., Twik M., Safran M., Lancet D. and Cohen D. GeneHancer: genome-wide integration of enhancers and target genes in GeneCards, Database (Oxford) (2017), doi:10.1093/database/bax028. [PDF] PMID 28605766

Stelzer G, Rosen R, Plaschkes I, Zimmerman S, Twik M, Fishilevich S, Iny Stein T, Nudel R, Lieder I, Mazor Y, Kaplan S, Dahary, D, Warshawsky D, Guan- Golan Y, Kohn A, Rappaport N, Safran M, and Lancet D. The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analysis, Current Protocols in Bioinformatics (2016), 54:1.30.1-1.30.33. doi: 10.1002/cpbi.5. PMID 27322403