Schema for RepeatMasker - Repeating Elements by RepeatMasker
  Database: ailMel1    Primary Table: rmsk    Row Count: 4,002,778   Data last updated: 2010-02-03
Format description: RepeatMasker .out record
On download server: MariaDB table dump directory
fieldexampleSQL type description
bin 585smallint(5) unsigned Indexing field to speed chromosome range queries.
swScore 763int(10) unsigned Smith Waterman alignment score
milliDiv 209int(10) unsigned Base mismatches in parts per thousand
milliDel 0int(10) unsigned Bases deleted in parts per thousand
milliIns 39int(10) unsigned Bases inserted in parts per thousand
genoName GL192338.1varchar(255) Genomic sequence name
genoStart 901int(10) unsigned Start in genomic sequence
genoEnd 1080int(10) unsigned End in genomic sequence
genoLeft -6046816int(11) -#bases after match in genomic sequence
strand -char(1) Relative orientation + or -
repName MER5Bvarchar(255) Name of repeat
repClass DNAvarchar(255) Class of repeat
repFamily hAT-Charlievarchar(255) Family of repeat
repStart -6int(11) Start (if strand is +) or -#bases after match (if strand is -) in repeat sequence
repEnd 172int(11) End in repeat sequence
repLeft 1int(11) -#bases after match (if strand is +) or start (if strand is -) in repeat sequence
id 1char(1) First digit of id field in RepeatMasker .out file. Best ignored.

Sample Rows
 
binswScoremilliDivmilliDelmilliInsgenoNamegenoStartgenoEndgenoLeftstrandrepNamerepClassrepFamilyrepStartrepEndrepLeftid
585763209039GL192338.19011080-6046816-MER5BDNAhAT-Charlie-617211
585244176590GL192338.114981549-6046347+MIRSINEMIR133186-762
5854683199517GL192338.115511774-6046122-MIRbSINEMIR0268253
58555930811464GL192338.119072057-6045839-L2bLINEL20337532284
58535861761420GL192338.120572714-6045182-MER82DNATcMar-Tigger065315
58555930811464GL192338.127142921-6044975-L2bLINEL2-148322729914
5859741493121GL192338.129213113-6044783+SINEC_b1SINEtRNA-Lys119406
58555930811464GL192338.131133174-6044722-L2bLINEL2-385299029354
58521011800GL192338.131793213-6044683+(TAA)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat23507
5853593038450GL192338.132403432-6044464-MIRcSINEMIR-41227278

Note: all start coordinates in our database are 0-based, not 1-based. See explanation here.

RepeatMasker (rmsk) Track Description
 

Description

This track was created by using Arian Smit's RepeatMasker program, which screens DNA sequences for interspersed repeats and low complexity DNA sequences. The program outputs a detailed annotation of the repeats that are present in the query sequence (represented by this track), as well as a modified version of the query sequence in which all the annotated repeats have been masked (generally available on the Downloads page). RepeatMasker uses the Repbase Update library of repeats from the Genetic Information Research Institute (GIRI). Repbase Update is described in Jurka (2000) in the References section below. Some newer assemblies have been made with Dfam, not Repbase. You can find the details for how we make our database data here in our "makeDb/doc/" directory.

Display Conventions and Configuration

In full display mode, this track displays up to ten different classes of repeats:

  • Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE), which include ALUs
  • Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE)
  • Long terminal repeat elements (LTR), which include retroposons
  • DNA repeat elements (DNA)
  • Simple repeats (micro-satellites)
  • Low complexity repeats
  • Satellite repeats
  • RNA repeats (including RNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, scRNA, srpRNA)
  • Other repeats, which includes class RC (Rolling Circle)
  • Unknown

The level of color shading in the graphical display reflects the amount of base mismatch, base deletion, and base insertion associated with a repeat element. The higher the combined number of these, the lighter the shading.

A "?" at the end of the "Family" or "Class" (for example, DNA?) signifies that the curator was unsure of the classification. At some point in the future, either the "?" will be removed or the classification will be changed.

Methods

Data are generated using the RepeatMasker -s flag. Additional flags may be used for certain organisms. Repeats are soft-masked. Alignments may extend through repeats, but are not permitted to initiate in them. See the FAQ for more information.

Credits

Thanks to Arian Smit, Robert Hubley and GIRI for providing the tools and repeat libraries used to generate this track.

References

Smit AFA, Hubley R, Green P. RepeatMasker Open-3.0. http://www.repeatmasker.org. 1996-2010.

Repbase Update is described in:

Jurka J. Repbase Update: a database and an electronic journal of repetitive elements. Trends Genet. 2000 Sep;16(9):418-420. PMID: 10973072

For a discussion of repeats in mammalian genomes, see:

Smit AF. Interspersed repeats and other mementos of transposable elements in mammalian genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999 Dec;9(6):657-63. PMID: 10607616

Smit AF. The origin of interspersed repeats in the human genome. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996 Dec;6(6):743-8. PMID: 8994846